In music theory, chord substitution is the technique of using a chord in place of another in a progression of chords, or a chord progression. Figure 8, and the iv chord in minor keys fm11 in the key of c minor. Or they can be nonfunctional or contextual substitutions as david baker calls them as in coltrane changes or superimposing cycle changes over the blues or rhythm changes. Oct 24, 2017 as we see in the examples above, removing the root from any 9th chord leaves us with a 4 note chord. Pdf in this paper the most common harmonic substitutions, at least as far as jazz music is concerned, are unconventionally addressed. This jazz version of the chord progression is quite complex but very interesting.
In jazz music, this technique is widely by composers and improvisers. Tritone substitution tutorial what is tritone substitution. Chord family substitutions it is helpful to know the functions of the chords in order to make successful chord substitutions. Pf handbook of chord substitutions by andy laverne, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide.
Chord substitutions survival guide pdf includes tab. Useful for voice leading and chord melody purposes, minor 11th chords are often used for the ii chord in major keys am11 in the key of g. Substitutions can be functional as in tritone substitutions or minor 3rd substitutions. Triad substitutions often exclude the root of the chord in favor of the upper structure. Noteworthy chord substitutions used here include the following. Minor jazz blues chord substitutions guitar lesson youtube. For example eb is the b5 of a, the vi chord, ab is the b5 of d, the ii chord and db is the flat 5 of g the ii chord. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Now that we have the standard jazz blues under our fingers, we can start to look at applying some jazz substitutions and superimpositions. Jun 16, 2017 the common chord progression you will see this happen in is the iviiiv. A chord substitution occurs when a chord is replaced by another that is made to function like the original. Chord substitutions can be described as what i like to call new harmonies with the same function. This chord could be changed to a d7 effectively making it a dominant of g, the ii if a player desires and the band agrees. Jazz blues chord substitutions guide jamie holroyd guitar. In blues and jazz turnarounds, its common practice to use harmonic substitutions for any of the chords. Learn unlimited ways to harmonize melody lines and progressions jazz masters series kindle edition by arkin, eddie. The diatonic structure consists of three families of chords. But when the iii replaces the i, it becomes emin7amin7dmin7g7. Within the diatonic chord family see this intro lesson on chord progressions, another good substitution to try is the iii for the i. Bill boyd jazz chord documents similar to handbook of chord substitutions andy laverne.
When playing on a common blues progression, you normally play i7iv7i7i7 in the first four bars of the tune. Tritone substitution is a reharmonisation technique that can be used to add harmonic interest and variety to a chord progression. An introduction to chord substitutions for piano players. Apr 11, 2019 the minor blues jazz chords are pretty easy to play in its simplest form, so we want to create more color. Chord substitutions secrets to chord substitutions.
It can be useful to reharmonize a chord sequence or a jazz standard. This doesnt mean you cant substitute other chord qualities, but a dominant 7 is most often the chord being used to replace. Purchase the 30 days to better jazz guitar comping ebook with 20 pages of extra material, lessons and audio examples. Handbook of chord substitutions andy download as pdf file. The first substitution is simply what jazz educators call the backdoor ii v iv bvii7 i. Passing chords can be viewed as temporary stepping stones between the chords in a progression and they are a great tool to delay the sense of resolution, making your playing sound more interesting and dynamic. This book is very effective in helping to develop this skill. After working with this ygb case study you will be able to.
Mastering the altered scale this pdf ebook method contains 25 altered jazz guitar licks with tabs, patterns, scale charts and audio files to master, apply and develop the altered scale. Chord structure, inversion, alteration, and extension are described in intervals and distance from the root of the chord or lowest note for inversions. As we see in the examples above, removing the root from any 9th chord leaves us with a 4 note chord. One of the most common chord substitutions in jazz is the tritone substitution. The common chord progression you will see this happen in is the iviiiv. The jazz theory that i mostly apply to the ii v i cord progression in this reharm lesson is classical or functional harmony. Chord substitution is to replace a chord by another one to add more harmonic interest to a piece, a song or a chord progression. Altamira m01 gypsy jazz guitar and lots of jazz guitar books sadly, i need to sell this lovely guitar that i bought here in dec, 2015. Use various chord substitutions to fill out the blues progressions. This chart contains root position chords meaning that the tonic is the lowest note.
This table shows a diatonic progression and some of the possible chord substitutions. Iiv substitution by cycles of hybrid chords g7 c7 7 d7 g7 c7 ab7db7gb7b7 c7 eb7ab7d7db7c7 60 iiv substitution by cycles of hybrid chords different quality d7 g7 c7 d7 g7 c7 bb7ab7d7db7c7 eb7eb7ab7co. Nb the way of indicating chords is a shorthand and as such requires you understand what is. Chord substitutions survival guide pdf includes tab whats next. However, the darker sound of fully fretted 7ths is relatively rare. Mark watkins received his degrees from brigham young university and indiana university and has studied with eugene rousseau, daniel deffayet, ray smith, and yushi ishiwata and jazz with david baker. In short, every key has primary chords built off the 1st, 4th, and 5th tones of the scale.
Many chord substitutions are available suspended, diminished 7 th, etc. This chord dictionary includes over a hundred jazz chord forms, from basic 7th chords with all standard tension substitutions and alterations to guide tone chords to triads over bass notes. Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the technique of chord substitution as a tool to expand and vary existing harmonic. In fact, you can omit any note except for the 3rd and 7th guide tones of the chord and still retain the general sound or feel of the original chord.
Mar 24, 2017 in practice, a tritone sub in jazz is most commonly a dominant 7 chord. Each one is a simple chord which can be voiced as a drop 2 voicing and used in place of the 9th chord. Documents similar to andy laverne handbook of chord pdf. Jim hall chords and comping techniques jazz guitar comping is an art form in its own right. The first blues well have a look at is the original 12bar blues chord progression.
Check out these other articles about jazz harmony, chords, and more. In this jazz guitar lesson im going to teach you how to reharmonize a. The first practical application of tritone substitutions we will look at is in the fourth bar of a jazz blues chord progression. Its important to note that in this example the vi chord has been made into a dominant 7 chord vi.
Playing the same chord changes over and over can become repetitive. There is a lot more to understand in chord substitutions. This lesson, however, will focus on substitution of minor and major chords. Jun 06, 2011 the 3 substitutions presented in this article occur time and time again in the standard jazz repertoire. One of these tricks is the concept of chord substitutions. Write out the progression iim7 iib7 imaj7 on manuscript paper for all keys. The first substitution you will come across as a jazz musician will likely be tritone substitution. The first substitution is simply what jazz educators call the backdoor ii v iv.
Jazz musicians frequently use substitutions to add more harmonic content and colour to a progression and this next example uses tritone substitution. The few dozen voicings here are also a great way to get started with chord melody. Chord substitutions substitutions can be functional as in tritone substitutions or minor 3rd substitutions. Much of the european classical repertoire and the vast majority of blues, jazz and rock music songs are based on chord progressions. Functional means that a dominant chord is substituting for a dominant chord and is still functioning in the same way the original. For todays 30 days to better jazz guitar comping lesson well be checking out 10 must know i vi ii v substitutions you can add over this common progression to give it some new spice this lesson will be diving into more of the theory end than usual, but you can use all the following examples in your comping, chord solos, turnarounds and chord melody arrangements to better your jazz. Cat, chord progression, chord substitutions, plagal cadence, perfect cadence, jazz, harmonization. A twofive to the four chord in bars 3 and 4, with dm7 and g7 setting up the change to the four chord, c7, in a more harmonically active and interesting way than just preceding it with two bars of g7. In the later options i also rely on some modal interchange and more freely associated jazz chord substitutions. However, jazz players will often impose their own changes onto a song and change what is written. The tonic family expresses the tonal foundation of a key. The substitutions may have a quality and degree of function in common with the original chord, and often only differs by one or two notes, or they may be far more off the wall, flirting with other keys and modes temporarily, then with deft skill brought back to the home tonal centre.
Welcome to this definitive jazz guitar chord chart for beginners. Chord substitutions sound scary, because we hear people talk about things like ah yes, the quintessential tritone substitution with the dominant seventh over a flat fifth blah blah blah. Watkins has performed in more than 20 countries and with artists ranging from bob mintzer jazz saxophone to marlene pauley classical clarinet. Substituting chords by karen daniels simply put, chord substitution is the use of one chord in place of another chord and using them is one way to give your music interest and a change in sound. In all cases, the specific note in the melody above the chord plays an essential role in which.
Diatonic chord substitution theory and harmony lesson. Analyse the chord progression bar numbers shown underneath the staff for reference. This is by far the most common tritone substitution. Altamira m01, like newexc condition with black hardshell case. The minor blues jazz chords are pretty easy to play in its simplest form, so we want to create more color. The second chord in im old fashioned is a dmi7 a vi chord. The tritone substitution is a dominant, or secondary dominant 7th chord whose root is a tritone 3 whole steps away from the original chord. In this jazz guitar lesson im going to teach you how to reharmonize a minor jazz blues. These chords are interchangeable because the tritone interval pitches are identical in each.
The subdominant family expresses movement away from the foundation. I touched on primary chords and chord substitutions in this post last week, but today, i want to take it a step further. In practice, a tritone sub in jazz is most commonly a dominant 7 chord. In this section, you will learn six different variations of the blues progression.
Chord substitution jazz piano course how to reharmonise. Remember that you can superimpose this harmony for your single line solos too. Experiment with and select some suitable tritone substitutions. Substitute dominant chords, sometimes referred to as tritone substitutes, are some of my favorite chords in jazz.
You can get the pdf and the guitarpro files for these examples through my patreon page here. The iii makes a nice transition chord between the i and iv and between the i and v. So lets jump right into some different kinds of tritone substitutions. This lesson will help you better understand what is the diatonic chord. Apr 14, 2020 a chord gets its name from its highest extension, whether or not the lower ones are included in the voicing. Some songs have them already in the chord progression, other times the player will actually play the substitute dominant instead of the regular or secondary dominant additionally, players will precede chords with substitute dominant chords to add more. Chord substitution jazz piano course how to reharmonise chords. The i vi ii v is one of the most common chord sequences in jazz after the ii v i and it is a great sequence to use to practice chords and grips, and also scales and single line solos. The 3 substitutions presented in this article occur time and time again in the standard jazz repertoire. A chord gets its name from its highest extension, whether or not the lower ones are included in the voicing. Another example illustrating cm9 voiced as an ebmaj7. Musical instrumentsguitar master the chords used in jazz. This is a common practice in jazz and creates more voice leading.
This is far and away the easiest and most common substitution, and in fact its the standard turnaround in jazz. In this lesson i showed you 10 variations on the basic progression. The definitive jazz guitar chord chart for beginners. Pick up a free copy of my 64page jazz guitar pdf here and learn more about comping, improvisation and the. Youll find every chord shape you need to get started with all the important jazz chords for guitar right here. Tritone substitutions are also knows as substitute dominants or sub 5s so be aware that these 3 terms refer to the same thing. Yellow guitar books case study blues to jazz substitutions i understand the form and construction of a 12 bar blues. However, this isnt necessarily a black and white thing as youll see throughout this lesson. For a jazz musician, being able to manipulate chords and progressions is an essential part of defining ones own personal musical style. Lets take a look at how the basic blues changes look from a chord name standpoint. A useful area of jazz to understand is passing chords.
For example, if youre playing in the key of c, the v chord is g7 and the ii chord is dm7. Jim hall chords and comping techniques learn jazz guitar. Jun 12, 2019 noteworthy chord substitutions used here include the following. This entry was posted in blog, lesson and tagged chord substitution, guitar, i got rhythm, jazz guitar, jens larsen, rhythm, rhythm changes, rhythm changes chords, rhythm changes guitar, rhythm changes in bb, rhythm changes licks, rhythm changes pdf, rhythm changes solo, rhythm changes turnaround on january 25, 2018 by jens. In the previous lesson on shell chords, we learned that you dont always have to play every single note in a chord. I recommend you go check out that post on primary chords as a primer to this lesson. Being able to take liberties with the harmony of a given tune is an. In the key of g, that means substituting a bm for a g. The most common passing chord is a dominant chord a half step above the target chord. A similar move occurs in bar 8, in this case with a twofive to two. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading creative chord substitution for jazz guitar. Colorful jazzblues chord substitutions guitar world. Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the technique of chord substitution as a tool to expand and vary existing harmonic progressions. Includes chapters on tritone substitution, changing chord qualities, pedal points, by andy laverne level.